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遥感技术与应用  2022, Vol. 37 Issue (4): 971-981    DOI: 10.11873/j.issn.1004-0323.2022.4.0971
遥感应用     
基于遥感和GIS的区域土壤侵蚀变化与人类活动关系研究
肖作林1,田小强2,李月娇3
1.重庆师范大学 地理与旅游学院,重庆 401331
2.北京电子科技职业学院 经济管理学院,北京 100176
3.北京市第三十五中学,北京 100034
The Study of the Relationship between Soil Erosion Change and the Human Activity based on Remote Sensing and GIS at the Regional Scale: A Case Study in Jiangxi Province
Zuolin Xiao1,Xiaoqiang Tian2,Yuejiao Li3
1.Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China
2.Beijing Polytechnic,Beijing 100176,China
3.Beijing No. 35 High School,Beijing 100034,China
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摘要:

土壤侵蚀作为全球性的主要环境问题之一,受人类活动的影响日益强烈。在区域尺度上研究人类活动与土壤侵蚀变化的关系,对土壤侵蚀防治宏观决策具有重要意义。通过构建人类活动程度指数,从栅格尺度上分析了人类活动程度对土壤侵蚀变化的影响规律,进而从人口变化、土地利用变化和人类活动对植被覆盖影响程度等多角度综合分析,揭示人类活动对土壤侵蚀变化的驱动机制。结果发现,江西省1990年土壤侵蚀模数平均值841 t/(km2·a),2018年减少到338 t/(km2·a),土壤侵蚀明显缓解。平均人类活动程度指数由0.005增加到0.014,空间上呈现出以城市为中心向外辐射状的增加态势;偏远山地丘陵区,人类活动程度变化不大。20 a来,研究区土壤侵蚀的发生有由山地丘陵区向城市及周围地区转移的趋势。远离城市的偏远山地丘陵区,农村人口压力的减弱以及合理的土地利用转变促进江西省植被恢复,进而缓解土壤侵蚀;坡度缓和的城市及周边地区因人类活动程度的显著增强,土壤侵蚀有所加剧。

关键词: 土壤侵蚀变化人类活动遥感GIS江西省    
Abstract:

Soil erosion, as one of the main environmental problems in the world, is increasingly affected by human activities. It is of great significance to study the relationship between human activities and soil erosion at regional scale for soil erosion control planning. In this paper, the relationship between human activities and soil erosion was analyzed on grid scale by introducing human activity index. Then, the driving mechanism of soil erosion caused by human activities was explored from the comprehensive perspectives of population change, land use change and the impact of human activities on vegetation cover. It was found that the average soil erosion modulus of Jiangxi province in 1990 was 841 t/(km2·a), but decreased to 338 t/(km2·a) in 2018. During the past more than 20 years, the occurrence of soil erosion has a tendency of shifting from the mountainous and hilly areas with relatively low human activities to the cities and surrounding areas with moderate slope. The index of human activity increased from 0.005 to 0.014, and the increasing areas concentrated around the cities with gentle slope and low altitude. In remote mountainous areas, the degree of human activity does not change much. In remote mountainous and hilly areas far from cities, the reduction of rural population pressure and appropriate land use transformation promoted vegetation restoration and soil erosion mitigation. The degree of soil erosion in the city and its surrounding areas with gentle slope is intensified due to the significant enhancement of human activities.

Key words: Soil erosion change    Human activity    Remote sensing    GIS    Jiangxi province
收稿日期: 2021-06-15 出版日期: 2022-09-28
:  S157.1  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目(42001388);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(cstc2019jcyj?msxmX0515);中国博士后科学基金(2019M653830XB)
作者简介: 肖作林(1985-),男,山东鱼台人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事区域生态遥感研究。
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引用本文:

肖作林,田小强,李月娇. 基于遥感和GIS的区域土壤侵蚀变化与人类活动关系研究[J]. 遥感技术与应用, 2022, 37(4): 971-981.

Zuolin Xiao,Xiaoqiang Tian,Yuejiao Li. The Study of the Relationship between Soil Erosion Change and the Human Activity based on Remote Sensing and GIS at the Regional Scale: A Case Study in Jiangxi Province. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2022, 37(4): 971-981.

链接本文:

http://www.rsta.ac.cn/CN/10.11873/j.issn.1004-0323.2022.4.0971        http://www.rsta.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V37/I4/971

图1  研究区及DEM审图号:GS(2016)1600
数据名称数据格式数据时相空间分辨率/比例尺
社会经济数据文本1990—2018年/
气象数据文本1971—2018年/
江西省气象站点矢量2010年/
鄱阳湖水系区划矢量2008年1∶10万
土地利用数据栅格1990、2018年1 km
数字高程模型(DEM)栅格2000年30 m
省、市行政边界矢量2014年1∶400万
中国土壤碳库数据栅格1990年1 km
中国土壤特征数据集的土壤质地栅格1990年1 km
GIMMS植被指数数据集(半月)栅格1981—2006年8 km
MODIS NDVI数据集(逐月)栅格2000—2018年1 km
表1  收集数据/资料清单
土地利用类型特征标志说明CI
一级类二级类
耕地水田、旱地表层自然覆盖被改变——种植1年生作物0.2
林地有林地、灌木林表层自然植被未改变且未被利用0
疏林地表层自然植被未改变但被利用0.067
其他林地表层自然植被改变——种植多年生植物0.133
草地高、中覆盖度草地表层自然覆盖未改变但被利用0.067
低覆盖度草地表层自然覆盖未改变且未被利用0
水域河流、湖泊、滩涂、滩地表层自然覆盖未改变且未被利用0
水库坑塘表层自然覆被未改变但被利用0.067
建筑用地城镇用地、农村居民地、其他建设用地表层自然覆被改变,水分、养分、空气和热量交换阻滞1
未利用地沼泽、裸地、盐碱地、裸岩石砾地表层自然覆盖未改变且未被利用0
表2  不同土地利用类型的建设用地当量折算系数
图2  轻度以上等级土壤侵蚀面积比较
图3  研究区土壤侵蚀等级分布
图4  人类活动程度指数
图5  人类活动程度空间变化及城市距离缓冲区
图6  HAI变化与坡度和距城市距离的空间关系
1990HAI2018HAI1990SEM2018SEMchange_HAIchange_SEM
**表示相关性达P<0.01显著水平(双尾检验)
1990HAI1
2018HAI0.89**1
1990SEM0.020.16**1
2018SEM0.16**0.19**0.260**1
change_HAI0.74**0.90**-0.085**0.06**1
change_SEM0.28**0.23**-0.780**0.63**0.13**1
表3  HAI和SEM Pearson相关系数
图7  平均土壤侵蚀模数随距城市距离的变化
图8  SEM、NDVI残差变化与人口变化之间的回归关系
转变类型平均SEM变化侵蚀量变化/t转变类型平均SEM变化侵蚀量变化/t
/(t/(km2·a))/(t/(km2·a))
林地—耕地105.4833 247.30建筑用地—林地-1.11-0.51
耕地—林地-904.00-255 117.84林地—未利用地766.461 211.01
草地—耕地88.534 807.18未利用地—林地-314.8-261.28
耕地—草地-528.97-30 965.90草地—水域-76.12-6 176.38
耕地—水域-715.97-198 760.43水域—草地120.532 331.05
水域—耕地129.2437 524.83草地—建筑用地-65.01-726.81
耕地—建筑用地-185.08-145 198.96建筑用地—草地55.4610.54
建筑用地—耕地15.794 584.63草地—未利用地120.14146.57
耕地—未利用地62.97943.29未利用地—草地-3.55-1.60
未利用地—耕地95.13365.30水域—建筑用地00
林地—草地100.2331 592.50建筑用地—水域00
草地—林地-820.68-473 737.53水域—未利用地124.312 027.50
林地—水域-48.04-1 488.28未利用地—水域-389.26-124 820.10
水域—林地6.7779.14建筑用地—未利用地130.39301.20
林地—建筑用地-95.76-12 222.81未利用地—建筑用地-43.75-49.44
表4  地利用变化对土壤侵蚀模数及侵蚀量的影响
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